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All technical electric car terms and their abbreviations

Electric cars have their own terms — some slang, some technical — and they can be ambiguous and confusing for beginners. You’ll need to know electric vehicle terminology even to operate your vehicle, and knowing what these terms mean is key to deciding not only whether an EV is right for you, but also choosing an EV that best suits your current and future needs.

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For example, do you care how quickly your car accepts gasoline from the pump? No, but you will need to know the range and speed of your electric car, the location in which it is located, and its distance from your home in order to determine whether you will need to charge the battery in a public charger, or will you only benefit from home charging, and there is no standard answer. But we can bring you closer by understanding the terms related to shipping.

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And more than that, in the articles about electric cars from Malaki.com we have to list some terms. And here it was necessary for us to bring you close to those terms, and of course our article does not include the definition of electrical terms only, but also the technical and colloquial words used in foreign texts in the event that it was not possible for you to obtain a user guide in the Arabic language, noting that Malaki website always provides you with the service of a user guide on a permanent basis and seeks To keep it updated. This is an abbreviation of precise meanings of the terms electric cars.

English word and abbreviationsArabic meaning
alternating current (AC)alternating current (AC)
alternatorBorn
ampsAmpere
battery packBatteries tray
battery cellbattery cell
battery modulebattery unit
Combined Charging System (CCS)Combined Charging System (CCS)
chargerCharger
direct current (DC)direct current (dc)
DC fast chargingDC fast charging
destination chargingShipping destination
drag coefficient (Cd)drag coefficient (Cd)
EVSEelectrical control unit
frankAutomotive voice control technology
inverterreflector
J1772Home Charger Connector (AC) Level 2
kilowatt (kW)Kilowatt (kW)
kilowatt-hour (kWh)Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
Level 1, 2, 3Level 1, 2, 3
mpg-eelectronic mpg
rangeDomain
regenerative brakingregenerative braking
Superchargersupercharging
traction motortraction motor
voltsVolt

alternating current (AC)

The term refers to the form or type of electricity in the network and in homes and other facilities

With alternating current, the electrons regularly reverse direction. The importance of alternating current in the world of electric vehicles is that all batteries require direct or direct current (DC), with electrons always flowing in the same direction, so any time the vehicle is being charged, the alternating current must be converted or rectified into DC. Electric vehicle terminology

In Level 1 and Level 2 charging, the switching center is hidden in every EV, called the charging unit, and is responsible for this task, along with controlling the charging rate. In DC fast charging in public places, the charger is external and feeds current directly to the vehicle’s battery, bypassing the onboard charging unit, which is a choke point for current flow.

The DC fast charger starts at nearly twice the household voltage and externally rectifies AC current using components larger than the vehicle can accommodate. These are the two reasons why DC charging can be much faster than level 2.

Alternating current got its name because the current changes direction, and this change occurs 60 times per second. It’s hard to understand what this means, and even more confusing when you dig deeper and learn that when current is reversed, it technically goes from positive to negative in the same conductor. But AC also has advantages over DC, such as minimal losses during long-distance transmission, as well as the fact that transformers can be used to increase or decrease their voltage.

Ironically, most electric cars use AC motors, so, yes, the DC current coming out of the battery must be converted back into AC again, a process called inversion, in order to get the car moving. In fact, hybrids typically use AC motors, which means that current is literally constantly being converted either from AC to DC or back. Every time these conversions happen, whether it’s in the car or outside, of course there are energy losses associated with the conversion process.

Conventional petrol and diesel vehicles use belt-driven alternators, which are alternating current (AC) alternators, although all electrical requirements in a vehicle run on DC. Electric vehicle terminology

alternator

The alternator mainly produces alternating current

In all conventional modern cars, a gasoline or diesel engine drives an alternator through a belt to generate electricity that keeps the starter battery charged and supplies lights, electronics, and other onboard electrical components. Nowadays, literally all of these devices require direct current, which makes a type of generator that produces only alternating current seem a strange choice.

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But alternators are the preferred alternator because they are smaller, lighter and more mechanically robust than DC alternators, and that’s one of three of the crazier standards that govern automakers. This has been roughly the case since the 1960s, when solid-state rectification – converting alternating current to DC – became applicable. Generators incorporate such rectifiers and voltage regulators to ensure proper DC voltage.

amps

An acronym for amperes, it is a unit of electrical current that electric car owners are likely to encounter when setting up home level 2 charging, and level 2 charging stands for 240 volts, but the amount of power delivered to the car also depends on the current flow, which varies widely Among level 2 chargers, to understand this process let’s use the classic plumbing analogy for electricity moving through a wire, the voltage being the pressure that forces the water through the tube,

The current is the rate of water flow as determined mainly by the diameter of the pipe. To get more water from the end of the tube, you can increase the pressure or diameter of the tube. The same is true for electricity: increase the voltage or current (current) to get more power (measured in watts) at the other end of the wire. Unlike a tube, a wire with a larger diameter presents less resistance and allows more current to flow.

The ampere is the unit of measurement for electrical service that an electrical utility can distribute to homes—such as 50, 100, or 200 amps—and can pass current to a specific circuit or level 2 charger.

battery pack

The complete energy storage component of an EV or hybrid vehicle, including individual battery cells along with the supporting electronics
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Cells in a package, regardless of type, are usually assembled into modules that add structure and simplify replacement of defective cells. The packages include a battery management system that tracks the charging status of the package and monitors cell voltage and temperatures. The packages have their own niche and a way to manually separate from the rest of the vehicle. Contactors (heavy-duty relay switches) are usually located at the terminal of the cell, especially in pure electric batteries, and to isolate the battery from the vehicle if it fails a safety test or if a collision is detected the battery is isolated from the vehicle.

Electric battery vehicles rely on fluid cycling to manage battery temperatures, except for the Nissan Leaf battery (package shown) in the photo above, which does not have active thermal management. In most of these enclosures, however, there are channels through which coolant (usually a mixture of water and conventional anti-freeze) flows and then exits the battery to be conditioned in either a simple radiator, a heat exchanger connected to an air conditioner, or an in-circuit heat pump.

battery cell

The smallest component in a battery pack, and it may take hundreds of them to achieve the voltage needed to service a hybrid or electric vehicle

You need two stones to operate any simple remote, and sometimes the watch needs one stone, and other devices need several large batteries that we call deafness, and car battery cells are like any other individual battery cells, each cell of which is good for a few volts. (It is what we call a higher voltage battery, such as a 12-volt car battery, it is made up of several separate cells and grouped into a box, and there are six cells.)

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As for the electric car, it comes with lithium-ion battery cells, which are divided into three basic types, or three shapes: cylindrical, prismatic and bag. The cylindrical batteries that power some electric vehicles look like something you could put in a flashlight, and you might think they’re under-developed. Critics have said a lot about the efficiency of the packaging because its shape leaves a space between them, but it seems that Tesla made these cylindrical cells for most of its history, but it has now switched to prismatic cells,

and prismatic cells that are shaped like a candy bar. Resembling a funnel or cone, the style preferred by most electric vehicle manufacturers is the shape of the bag, which looks like a practically empty Ziploc mylar sandwich bag. Unlike the other two methods, the flexible case relies on a battery unit for the chassis.

battery unit

A structural sub-assembly placed in an electric car battery pack that is split into cells, so that it can be replaced

Because battery cell voltages are measured in low odd numbers, dozens and hundreds of them are used in an electric car, and each small battery “cell” group is assembled into a unit that fits inside the chassis of the car. . Each unit usually has its own voltage and temperature sensor, and only two wire ends come out, regardless of the number of cells connected inside, which often depends on the manufacturer’s design. The units usually have insulated channels through which coolant flows to manage the thermal state of the battery pack.

Combined Charging System (CCS) Combined Charging System

It is a universal one-size outlet for electrical conductivity

One of the most important terms for electric cars that you will meet often, is the electric current charging connector in an electric vehicle, which comes in almost universal standards (except for Tesla) – in short, it is a standard-sized plug on a global scale, and it combines the AC connector with J1772 AC with Two DC fast charging connectors, both of which are installed in the same port, meaning that the AC and the fast charger enter from the same outlet inside the car, and the charging system takes care of identifying it by itself.

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Because there are multiple companies and multiple chargers, universal standards have been set for charging ports in the car. Early Japanese electric cars initially relied on a separate connector called CHAdeMO for fast DC charging, and nowadays, (apart from Tesla, which has a connector own), electric vehicle terminology

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Most new electric vehicles offer a CCS port installed in the car, for fast charging, which shares the same port with the home charger, and the car owner, online or via a mobile app, selects the J1772 option for home charging of the second level, or selects the CCS option for fast charging using DC .

direct current (DC)

The type of electricity in batteries and in most electronic circuits

With “direct” current, electrons flow in one direction. It is symbolized by the symbol (DC), the main importance in the world of electric cars is that electricity is transmitted in the power grid in the form of “alternating current” symbolized by the symbol (AC), so any time the car battery is charged, the alternating current must be converted or corrected to constant current. During Level 1 and Level 2 home charging, the vehicle itself achieves this with an invisible component called the Integrated Charging Unit.

DC chargers start with approximately double the domestic voltage and externally correct AC current using bulky components that are often hidden away from the charging area before feeding directly to the vehicle’s battery, bypassing the in-vehicle charging unit, a choke point for current flow. In order not to confuse you, when installing home charging, the connections of the fast charger are isolated, and the process of converting the domestic current to a direct current is carried out, before sending it to the battery, and this is induced electronically inside the car.

In order to understand the terminology of electric cars, I must know that inside the car there are two types of electricity, battery electricity and it must be a constant current, while the car’s devices and engines operate on alternating current, yes there are some electric vehicles that use DC motors, but most of them use AC motors. , which means that the car has to convert any current going to the battery into a direct current, and vice versa when the current leaves the battery for the car, it is converted to alternating current, to accelerate, and back again to the same conversion process when regenerative braking.

That is, there are two processes inside the car that have been called rectification and reversal, which is the name of the conversion from DC to AC, but automakers who choose AC motors think about the performance and efficiency of the car in general, and do not think about the type of current, and only install an adapter, and why go Far away, a conventional gasoline car relies on alternating current to generate electricity from a dynamo, a generator that produces “alternating” alternating current , even though DC prevails throughout the car.

fast charging DC 

A type of public road charging that can charge compatible vehicles several times faster than any home level 2 AC charger, by feeding high-voltage DC current directly to the battery pack. Tesla chargers are DC fast chargers.

We at Malaki.com do not rely on the introduction of the rapid meaning of the terms of electric cars, and we are working in a simplified way to provide a simplified summary of them, and we return to our term, which is symbolized by the symbol DC, which means continuous charging, due to the existence of electric cars today, DC fast charging is the best for charging on The road, where it takes a short time, electric car terms

For example, when taking a long trip or low range inside the car. You’ll find “Fast” in the term, a type of fast charging, which can provide hundreds of miles of range within a few minutes. Charging speed varies by car manufacturer, fast charging often takes place in a 30-minute session, but this rarely represents a full charge.

Some automakers are increasingly putting some free DC fast chargers on public roads and offering charging gifts with the purchase of a new electric car, but almost all car companies admit that frequent fast charging will affect the life of a car battery pack. And when there is a charge, express shipping is more expensive than home or tier 2 reciprocating shipping, and to get rid of the cost benefits you have to do home shipping.

But why is this charging fast, the matter is simple, that the battery takes a high DC power directly, without any conversion processes, so it is charged at a high speed, but it must be noted that both DC and AC power fast chargers are three-phase “three-finger” sockets, which are Expensive socket for home installation. The power they provide ranges from 24 to 350 kW, but there is no guarantee that an electric vehicle, regardless of its acceptance specifications, will withstand this rate.

destination charging

A newer name for general level 2 charging where electric vehicles can be parked long enough to add NB Electric Vehicle Terms

An electric vehicle term common to Tesla cars, destination charging is meant to distinguish between slow charging away from home and fast DC charging (or supercharging, in Teslaspeak). Electric vehicle terminology

Drag Coefficient (Cd) Electric Vehicle Terminology

A measure of a vehicle’s resistance to the air it passes through

This term takes us from the terminology of electric cars to deal with the aerodynamic movement that began decades ago, and was aimed at improving fuel efficiency and economy in consumption. Drag is no different from a stuck parking brake or any other form of resistance, as the air operates against the effort of the motor or the drive motor. The higher a car’s drag coefficient, the more difficult its engine will work and the more fuel it will use, whether the fuel is petrol, diesel or electricity.

A vehicle’s drag coefficient is affected not only by its size and shape, but also by its underside surface and how high it is above the ground. Ground-hugging vehicles tend to be more aerodynamic, which is why modern vehicles with active suspension are often designed to lower themselves automatically at high highway speeds. Electric vehicle terminology

It’s not wrong that the most efficient cars on the market – usually hybrids and electrics – are hatchbacks, because the raised rear is inherently more aerodynamic, and its drag is less than that of a conventional sedan or coupe with a box that drops sharply from the roofline. . Car designers work to make wind tunnels in the body and sides of the car, trying to reduce air resistance, and cut off part of the air for use in cooling the car, see those lines in sports cars

Having gone as far as possible with the exterior, the engineers turned their attention toward airflow around the wheels, into and over the engine compartments, and toward the holes in the grille, and the former exterior door handles, which increasingly recede with the side of the body. Side mirrors are a long-term goal that can be replaced with cameras unless traffic regulations require the presence of mirrors and this varies from country to country.

EVSE
Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (or Equipment Supply)

An EVSE is what we usually call an electric vehicle charger, whether that’s the supplied charger cord or the more powerful Level 2 unit you might install at home or find at a public “destination” charging station. The reason for the name difference is that in electronics, the name of the charger is technically reserved for the component that manages the charging of the battery and, if necessary, converts alternating current to direct current. Electric vehicle terminology

Of course, EVSE does none of these things. All electric cars have a charger on board, which you can’t see, and to fill these roles. Essentially, the EVSE is a safety device that protects you and your vehicle from harm, incorporating little more than a ground circuit breaker, some switches and circuits that communicate how much power an electric vehicle can provide.

Whether it has an AC connector known as a J1772 or a Tesla connector, 240V is hard to hold in your hand, especially if you’re outside in the rain. The EVSE will not supply high voltage to the cable until the conductor is connected to the EV. Once inserted, the vehicle can detect the EVSE’s pilot signal, which indicates how much power it can provide. After that, charging can begin.

And EVSE throws in a heavy-duty switch, called a connector, that energizes the cable. You can usually hear this connection sound like a click. This means that the EVSE determines the type of current, locates the conductor and conducts it, similarly, if you go to remove a conductor from an electric car, the moment you press the conductor eject button, both the car and EVSE will shut off the charging so there is no danger or electrical contact to fire.

frunk electric car terminology

It’s a slang term for electric cars, and simply means the audio controls for the engine area, the trunk, and sometimes the front doors.

As soon as you pronounce the word frank, a contraction occurs in the “forehead” and “trunk”; And the front stem is under the hood in the place where the motor was placed. Frank’s technology makes it possible to control many electric vehicles. You can address the car and give it commands to do by itself, and like the name itself, tech frunks tend to amuse and please people, and they can add variety to the car, but they’re not always an advantage.

We remind buyers of these entertaining technologies not to lose sight of the vehicle’s total payload capacity. For example, according to Malaki.com’s measurements, the Volkswagen ID.4, which does not have a trunk, provides more cubic feet of rear-seat storage space than its competitor, the Ford Mustang Mach-E, and when cargo volumes are combined, You find that these technologies add permanent loads to the vehicle. No matter how small it weighs.

inverter

An electronic component that converts direct current into alternating current

Inverters are critical components in electric cars, as well as in most hybrid cars, because the vast majority of electric motors used in both types of vehicles are AC while batteries are always DC, making conversion necessary through the traction inverter, which is called With this name because its only job is to create alternating current to power the AC traction motor.

The term inverter is also popularized by Ford’s use of the technology in the Pro Power Onboard option that powers the 120 and 240-volt electrical outlets in the 2021 F-150 family of hybrids (and later, in the F-150 Lightning electric vehicle). EVs). This system can provide AC power from the hybrid battery pack alone,

Although a lower charge state will cause the hybrid truck engine to start. But Pro Power Onboard technology calls for so-called inverter generators, standby generators that similarly generate alternating current, correct it to DC and then flip it back to alternating current. And it seems silly,

But it’s this overswitching that allows inverter generators to run their motors at variable speeds based on the load—a more efficient, quieter approach—leaving the AC production to the electronics. Conversely, conventional generators are in fact generators that must run at a constant speed (full speed and maximum output, essentially) and only use that speed to maintain a constant 60 Hz AC cycle.

J1772 International Shipping Standard

The international SAE standard that governs the charging of electric vehicles, but is also the name for the type of charging connector in most non-Tesla chargers and chargers in the United States.

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J1772 isn’t a good name for one of the ubiquitous connectors on electric vehicles and chargers in the US (the other is a proprietary Tesla-branded connector), but it shows up as a choice if you go into an electric charging station on any Benzema, and you can access it via Google Maps or use any Charging station finder application.

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Technically, the J1772 is only for Level 1 and Level 2 charging. For home and similar charging, the J1772 forms the basis of the Common Charging System connector, which adds two connectors underneath for fast DC charging. (This allows a DC-capable electric vehicle to have one charging port instead of two separate outlets, as was the case with previous Japanese EVs equipped with the CHAdeMO DC outlet.)

Ironically, the more complex version of the J1772 connector got a simpler name, CCS. But anything is better than the name Shadimo. Electric vehicle terminology

kilowatt (kW)

The wattage scale used to charge and operate electric vehicles is 1,000 watts, and the alternate wattage scale is 1.34 hp

This term stands for electric vehicle terminology with the letters k and w (kW), watts or watts is one unit that represents the root to measure the power consumed, but we use kilowatts because we always deal with numbers over 1000 when discussing about EVs, but we use watts when talking about light bulbs; Kilowatts are important because they are the final product out of electrical units, and they are the product of voltage and current.

So when you’re talking about kilowatts, you don’t have to wonder about the variables as you would with other units. For example, level 2 chargers are all 240 volts, but unless you know their current rating, in amperes, you won’t know how many kilowatts you’re connecting to your EV. That is, it is the product of a calculation related to volts and amperes.

Although we’re used to using horsepower for internal combustion engine ratings, kilowatts is essentially a power rating as well, because it has a built-in time component (1 watt = 1 joule per second), so each can be converted into another. (In fact, both horsepower and watts are the products of James Watt, an 18th-century Scottish inventor.)

Although it’s not as common, as electric forces and internal combustion forces are now combined in the same car, this term will meet you a lot in electric car terminology, as will the acronym K and W, where engine readings are sometimes given as kW for consistency.

kilowatt-hour (kWh)

A unit of measure for both the capacity of a battery and the energy used to charge that battery, or to operate an EV or other device that consumes that energy over time.

‘I did not tell you that the previous term will meet you a lot within the terminology of electric cars, and here it comes back with a triple abbreviation letter (kWh), which means the rate of energy use over time, meaning that 1 kilowatt hour is the amount of energy required to run, for example, the heater It consumes 1 kilowatt in one hour. Applying this to cars, it means the amount that a 6 kW motor will consume in 10 minutes.

And while it’s tempting to conclude that an electric car powered by a 70kWh battery could increase your electric bill by 70kWh each time you charge it, it’s not quite that simple. For one thing, there are always losses when charging – the energy lost as heat in both the internal and external circuits, and especially when a vehicle converts grid AC current to DC and charges the battery there is energy lost.

On the other hand, it often won’t charge a completely empty battery – and most electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles do not use the full battery capacity as advertised; This is the difference between the battery rating measured in gross (total capacity) or net (usable capacity). One of the keys to keeping the battery healthy is not to charge it or completely discharge it, which is programmed into the built-in software to manage it.

Even if the electric vehicle’s battery charge display is fully charged or empty, it is possible that there is a temporary electrical supply above or below that is not recorded in the software. Electric vehicle terminology

Level 1, 2, 3

Level 1 and 2 represent charging at 120 and 240 VAC, respectively, and Level 3 is a misnomer for fast DC charging.

Soon we will publish a detailed explanation about charge levels, there are naming errors, mainly because we treat them as levels. Level 1 represents the meager 120V charging, which is of little benefit to battery electric vehicle owners. And Level 2 indicates that it’s one thing when it can really get to a full car charge in a couple of hours…or spend the whole night doing it. Level 3 technically does not exist, but is intended for DC fast charging found in roads and enzymes.

Electronic mpg mpg-e

miles per gallon equivalent, which is an excellent way to compare the efficiency of battery-electric vehicles with each other, if not with gas-powered vehicles

The EPA’s mpg-e rating is not very useful for comparing the efficiency of plug-ins with that of internal combustion vehicles because it does not take into account the cost differences between the two fuels. But it’s great for comparing one electric battery to another and better than nothing for PHEVs. And, of course, mpg-e is an electric vehicle term, and stands for Miles per gallon-equivalent, which means electronic miles per gallon.

Check out EPA ratings for new and used electric vehicles , and you may notice that efficiency has been a strong point for Tesla models against similar competitors. It is easy to assume that any connected vehicle should be efficient, but this is not the case, and in electric-connected cars, higher efficiency translates into a longer range for a given battery capacity and added range for the same charging period, which means the difference in the two cars’ consumption of the same battery is measured.

We’re less enthusiastic about the EPA’s approach to rating PHEVs because the mpg-e rating combines electric and gas together. This means that there are actually two variables, and the distance traveled by this association for the purposes of calculating the classification is a third random variable. Suffice it to say that the PHEV should be rated as mpg-e in electric only mode rather than a combination of a high mpg-e electric rating and a low mpg hybrid rating, and the official EPA specification should be rechecked as it measures one point in flight, but the reality may It’s higher before it, or lower after that depending on the car’s electric range – another variable.

range

The distance an electric vehicle travels – or is expected to travel – on electric power before the battery is discharged.

An electrically connected vehicle’s range is always an estimate, whether that’s a manufacturer’s claim, an EPA estimate, or the remaining distance displayed on a vehicle’s instrument panel or dashboard. The same is true for gas-powered vehicles, as in many of the points below, the metered petrol index, but it never really mattered with the abundance of range – and quick refueling – represented by the liquid fossil fuel ie petrol.

So we’ve never paid any attention to the domain before. While some electric vehicles do better than others at showing the versatility of the range, how one can over- or under-estimate the range depending on the conditions and actions of the driver. Electric vehicle terminology

Range is diminished by aggressive driving, high speeds and the use of accessories like lights and especially cabin climate controls, but the weather has the most dramatic effect: Slippery roads affect range somewhat, but it’s the cold temperatures that do the most damage by stealing battery capacity and devouring even juice. To heat the electric cabin. An AAA study noted about 40% reduction in range loss when comparing the average EV range at 20 degrees Fahrenheit versus 70 degrees. (Preheating or cooling the cab when it is still plugged in helps somewhat.)

And shoppers of electric vehicles in cold climates need to consider this effect along with two other important factors: the fact that they are likely to be charged at home every night and should focus on miles per day, not per “tank,” which is normal, because electric vehicles lose some scope over time,

It is in this just like any other rechargeable device. Experts estimate the loss to be around 20% by the time the vehicle is at the end of the warranty period, which is usually eight to 10 years or 100,000 miles. After this period, the battery efficiency decreases by about 20%.

regenerative braking

The means by which all hybrids and electric vehicles essentially recycle energy, using their inertia when starting or braking to power the propulsion motor, which acts as a generator to recharge the battery pack.

Regenerative braking is often called recovery by German automakers, simply meaning to recover lost energy, and this has been a hallmark of electric and efficient hybrid vehicles since the introduction of GM EV-1 technology (to account for actual products), and its effectiveness has only increased with control The most complex computer, which is the heart of renewal. Fortunately, the way the driver feels is also improved in the regenerative braking method.

But they’re rarely as linear and satisfying as traditional hydraulic brakes, and they can feel a little jerky, often with the feeling of a soft brake pedal. One challenge engineers have faced is to provide a smooth transition between regenerative and conventional braking when regeneration reaches its limits – as in more difficult braking – and traditional brake pads or shoes must act on the discs or drums.

A major positive aspect of regenerative braking is that it is frictionless, which means that brake pads or brake pads will last longer, and require less frequent replacement than conventional cars that use more brake linings. Another benefit is that the level of regeneration, and therefore the braking force when the throttle is raised, can be adjustable.

And many electric vehicles now use at least two settings — although some have temporary individual operating modes. The stronger tendency is toward one-pedal driving, where the acceleration brake is raised hard enough to apply the brakes – making the brake pedal itself necessary only in the event of an abrupt stop for full braking.

The reason for the revamp is that a more powerful (faster) electric vehicle can also be a relatively efficient performance vehicle, unlike its gasoline-powered predecessor. In EVs, the more powerful propulsion motor is also a high-capacity alternator to generate power or regenerate, so at least it restores some efficiency back to the battery.

Supercharger

Tesla calls them DC fast chargers

Although the word is borrowed from the world of internal combustion engines, the word “Supercharging” has become one of the most important terms for electric cars, and the word represents the meaning of rapid DC charging for owners of Tesla cars. The Supercharger is the most mature fast charging network in the United States.

And with the advanced automated payment that competitors are trying to catch up with through the payment and shipping standard. Although it has always been a Tesla-only supplier, CEO Elon Musk Twitter in July 2021 announced that the network would be opened to other brands by the end of the year.

traction motor

Another name for electric drive motor

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Although the term technically represents any type of motor that drives a vehicle, in today’s cars, the term has become limited to electric vehicle terminology, and traction motor has come to mean an electric motor. It may seem superfluous to designate a car’s electric motor as a freewheel, but not all motors – even with a power train – drive the wheels, at least not directly.

Some engines or motor-generators are part of a hybrid system but are not primarily responsible for powering the wheels. Likewise, light hybrid cars use belt drives (also known as starter alternators) that can contribute to the vehicle’s propulsion, but the term traction engine is usually reserved for the larger engine or engines that drive the wheels directly.

volts

A measure of voltage, difference and electromotive force

The term volt may not be one of the terms of electric cars, but it is always used in it, and it is defined as a measure of electric voltage, difference and electromotive force, and perhaps the best way to understand voltage is by borrowing plumbing as a pressure gauge.


For such a universally recognized term, voltage is a mystery – in part because it is not always meaningful in the absence of other specifications, such as electric current. So we will try to clear up some common confusion about voltages in the world of electric vehicles and charging.

First, when you see a household voltage of 120 volts, that’s 110 volts or 115 volts or whatever I grew up with. It means that the voltage in your home is a nominal specification, which means it can be above or below 120 volts without any consequences, depending on how much electricity your utilities generate and what you and your neighbors consume. The same is true for 240 volts versus 220 volts. We use the higher number because that’s how manufacturers determine their cars’ charging times, and if we say 220 volts when they used 240 volts (which is faster), we give them unearned credit.

One of the biggest things about EV technology is that level 2, which is the designation for charging, stands for 240 volts, but the voltage is only one factor — pressure — and in American, Egyptian and Arab residences, that voltage is the maximum. So if the pressure is constant, there is still a question of current, or flow, in amperes to determine the power, in kilowatts, available at the end of the line. Ampere ratings for Level 2 chargers vary widely.

In a kind of colloquial simplification, the volt is the effort to transmit electricity, and the ampere is the amount of electricity transferred at the same voltage, and the rate at the end of the wire for charging is the power, i.e. kilowatts.

And when it comes to car batteries, the familiar starting battery in petrol cars has a 12-volt rating (although a healthy battery measures more than 13 volts, the same as at home). Mild hybrids are usually 48 volts, the average full hybrid is about 200 volts, and the 400 volt rating was a common nominal rating for battery electric vehicles.

And although some manufacturers began to double it. For example, brands such as Porsche, Hyundai and Kia say this is primarily in the interest of DC fast charging, which requires higher voltage universal chargers. It has not yet been determined whether these devices will be able to continue charging electric vehicles with a voltage of 400 volts, or if they will step down.

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