Car sensors in full detail and explanation

In this topic, we will explain the most important sensors in the car and know their composition and locations inside the car

1- Crank shaft sensor 1- Crank shaft position sensor (CPS)
2- Manfold gate position sensor 2- Throttle position sensor (TPS)
3- Coolant water temperature sensor 3- Coolant temperature sensor (CTS)
4- Inlet air temperature sensor For manifold 4- Manifold Air temperature sensor (MAT)
5- Sensor for adjusting the cyclicity (load speed) 5- Idler Air control (IAC) valve
6- Sensor for measuring the proportion of oxygen in the exhaust 6- Oxygen sensor (O2)
7- Sensor for measuring and comparing the manifold imbalance With measuring atmospheric pressure or absolute pressure sensor
7- Manifold Absolute pressure (MAP) sensor in the intake manifold
8- Sensor for calculating the car speed (km) 8- Vehicle speed sensor (VSS)
9- Carbon monoxide gas adjusting sensor 9 – Carbon Monoxide potentiometer ( CO )
10. Sensitive Altsfiq10- Sensor Knock
11. re – pass gas system Exhaust Gases Recirculation 11. System (EGR)
12. Engineering drag system variable geometry is the Variable Induction 12. System (VGIS)
13 – Pressure sensitive air conditioning
13- Air condition pressere sensor (ACP ) – Pressure transdure
14-
Speed ​​sensitive power steering system ( SSPS )
15 –
Evaporative emission control canister system ( EVAP – CCP )

Functions of sensors – their composition – their locations:
Function of sensors, Constructions and Location

[ 1 ]
Crank shaft position sensor ( CPS )

• Its location: Location
o in front of the crankshaft drum in all cars
• Note: The Almatyz car, for example, does not have a CPS sensor
• The LEGANZA car has a crank sensor behind the compressor.
• Composition: Construction
1) Permanent magnet 2) Electric coil 3) Wrought iron heart
Oil watch
• Function: Function
1- Determining the timing of the spark and the timing of the injection.
(Spark timing – injection timing)
– In the beginning, the crankshaft drum is formed on it for 57 th years, and there is a year with a
wide void space )) and this year is the 58th year. When this year or this large void formed in the drum, the CPS sensor generates an electric pulse It is sent to the ECM unit, through which the ECM identifies the ignition timing and injection time to obtain the best engine performance.
– In the sense that the ECM sends a voltage pulse to the socket (DIS) and then to the (1.4) or (2.3) sparks, meaning that two sparks are output simultaneously from both sockets (1.4), for example the value of the volt is 16000 volts for each.
At the same time, the ECM unit sends an injection pulse to the fuel injectors as well (1.4) or (2.3). However, an amount of gasoline is injected that is proportional to the one cylinder on which the intake stroke is.
Meaning that the ECM unit generates a double volt pulse to the sprinklers and spark plugs at the same moment, i.e. gasoline is injected and the spark is generated at the same time.
Finally: The ECM unit adjusts the spark timing of the spark plugs and the injection time of the sprayers, based on the CPS sensor signal. injection timing – spark timing

Calculating the number of engine revolutions (RPM):

– In the beginning, the distance between the sensor and the drum (GAP) is about (1.3 mm) and during the rotation of the crankshaft drum in front of the sensor, a magnetic flux arises through the gap between the sensor and the drum due to the effect of the permanent magnet on the metal core made of wrought iron and the movement of the magnetic flux generated during the gap It increases and decreases, resulting in the generation of an electrical pulse in the electrical coil surrounding the metal core. As this pulse is sent to the ECM module, the ECM module calculates the number of motor RPMs.
* At the end: The ECM calculates the RPM by calculating the number of times the magnetic flux is built and collapsed.

[ 2 ]
Throttle position sensor ( TPS )

• Location: Location
o It is at the front of the manifold throttle, below the IAC sensor, at the beginning of the manfold gate.
• Configuration: It
consists of a variable resistance on which a column connected to the arm of the gate moves, showing the movement of the arm.
• Cases of pressing the gas pedal (full load – half load – full shutdown).
Gate Position Sensor (TPS)
• Function: Funcion
The TPS sensor in itself is a potemtiometer that is connected to the throttle valve on the throttle body. The ECM unit controls the fuel delivery based on the TPS sensor signal in cases The following operations:
1) Idle speed
2) Deceleration
3) Acceleration state
4) Wide open throttle (WOT) condition

In the beginning, it was pointed out that the injection time depends on:
1) The opening angle of the throttle gate, i.e. the angle at which the drawn air enters the valve. The number of engine revolutions RPM
2) The MAP sensor signal combined with the O2 sensor signal
3) The TPS sensor measures the loads. Loades) exactly because the sensor sends a signal to the ECM unit, the ECM knows through this signal how much pressure on the accelerator pedal is.
4) (full aperture – half aperture – permanently closed)
5) The ECM unit sends a volt (5 volt) to the TPS sensor, completing its circuit with the Ground connected to the ECM unit and based on the pressure on the gas pedal, the gate moves at a certain angle, the throttle valve opens Throttle valve, and thus changes the voltage coming out of the sensor and sent to the ECM on the signal line i.e.
6) Wide open throttle high volt (5 volt)
7) – Low volt gate fully closed (0.5 volt)
Finally, the ECM determines the amount of fuel received for the injectors based on the TPS sensor volt signal as a key factor.
9) Another use of the TPS sensor, which is (down hel):
10) meaning that when the car is going down from a bridge, the speed of the car is about (3000 RPM) at the same time that the gate is completely closed, meaning that the TPS sensor does not send Any reference to the ECM unit, so the ECM unit knows that this situation is (down hell), so the ECM unit cuts off the gasoline on the injectors – and the spark electricity from the spark plugs, and this is for very simple moments until the engine speed drops to a position that is commensurate with not pressing the accelerator pedal about (1500) RPM), then the ECM unit reconnects the injection pulses to the sprinklers – and the spark electricity to the spark plugs through the DIS.
11) Note:
12) When the gate is fully opened (WOT Wide open throttle), the sensor sends a signal to the ECM unit that shows this situation and is about (5 volt) and based on it, the ECM unit disconnects the electricity from the compressor clutch, meaning the air conditioning has been disconnected, meaning that the compressor stops working inside compressor until the engine speed drops again.
13) The electrical circuit of the sensor (TPS)
14) The first party is ground (Ground) connected to the ECM unit
15) The second party is a source (Supply) volts from the ECM unit to the sensor
16) The third party is the sensor signal (Signal) from TPS to ECM .
17) * When measuring (Signal) using an Avometer, the ends of the Avometer are placed between (Ground – Signal).

[3]
Oxygen sensor (O2)

• Its place: Location
)
at the end of the exhaust manifold (exhaust furnace) Exhaust manifold
• Composition: Construction It
consists of the material interacting with the exhaust and it is called “Zircon” an
internal electrode that connects the signal to the ECM through the connecting wire element.
• Function: Function
In the beginning, the benefit of the sensor is to measure the percentage of oxygen in the exhaust products, through which the ECM knows if the mixture is rich or poor.
• The oxygen sensor monitors the percentage of O2 contained in the exhaust, and the oxygen in the exhaust interacts with the substance contained in the sensor, which is Zircon.
* There is a substance called zircon that interacts with the exhaust, and in order for the sensor to work, the exhaust temperature must reach (360OC – 400OC), so inside the sensor there is a heater so that the temperature of the sensor rises quickly until it reaches 400 C and through the chemical reaction between the gas and the Zircon substance.
– We know if the mixture is rich or poor Lean
– the best working condition for the sensor is at an exhaust temperature of 600 c
– The ECM unit changes the air-to-fuel ratio based on the O2 signal (14.7 to 1) and
it deteriorates quickly in the case of using gasoline containing lead.
Cases of clarification of the mixture with sensitive volts.
Lean Exhaust high O2 ) 0.1 volt (100 MV ) )
Rich Exhaust Low O2 ) 0.9 – 1.0 volt ( 900 – 1000 MV ))

[ 4 ] Idler Air control ( IAC ) valve

• Its location: Location
at the front of the intake manifold, above the TPS sensor, as shown in the figure.
• Its composition: Constuction
consists of (2) motors (A, B) for going up and down.
• Its function: Function
Before anything, I would like to refer to this important note, which is:
* Not trying to move the valve needle (Valve Pintle) by hand or even trying to move it from its place and this leads to damage (IAC) and damage (Throttle body).
In the beginning, we say that (IAC):
It adjusts the Idle speed in the event that the gas pedal is not pressed and the needle moves a certain distance based on each volt pulse that comes
A signal from the ECM unit. When the valve needle moves outward or inward, the amount of air entering the manifold is controlled by increasing or decreasing. Consequently, the Idle speed (RPM) is controlled, and when the valve pintle moves outward, the amount of air drawn into the manifold increases. The ECM adjusts the continuity with the IAC signal.
On the other hand, the ECM unit controls the sprint speed based on the signal of the following sensors (CTS – VSS – ACP – BATTERY VOLTAGE).
For example, when the engine is cold, and this situation is known by the signal of the CTS sensor, the ECM unit works to increase the duration of the voltage pulse to the IAC and thus opens the valve a greater distance to allow more air to enter so that the engine is warmed up at a temperature warm.
Also, when the A/C air conditioning is turned on, the ECM unit opens the valve a larger distance to allow a high amount of air to enter until the engine overcomes the compressor load.
• In the end: IAC sensor is the sensor responsible for increasing or decreasing engine speed.
o In the sense that he is responsible for adjusting the Idle speed.
Note:
• When the engine is cold, a signal comes from the CTS sensor, and based on it, the ECM unit opens the IAC a certain distance to increase the amount of air to warm the engine.
• When the A/C is turned on, the ECM sends a signal to the IAC to increase the opening to increase the engine speed in order to match the compressor load.
• The electrical circuit of the sensor: Electrical circuit
o The circuit consists of four terminals, each two ends of a
motor o Motor A has two ends . (one side for internal movement – one side for external movement)
o Motor B also has two ends (one end for internal movement – one end for external movement)

[5] Cooling water temperature sensor

5) Coolant temperature sensor ( CTS )

• Location: Location

The CTS sensor is located at the bottom of the cylinder head (DIS) and in the car under the cylinder head at the rear.
• Its composition: Construction
consists of a thermostat, i.e. a variable resistor of the type
(negative temperrature cofficient) NTC
• Its function:
It measures the temperature of the cooling water and sends a volt signal to the ECM to know the temperature of the cooling water, and it changes in ways that increase and decrease the temperature of the water Cooling The ECM unit sends a voltage of 5 volts to a sensor through a resistor inside the ECM through a resistance that changes with the change in temperature. The voltage sent to the ECM, which reflects the temperature of the cooling water, changes.
• The engine is cold (40 co Cold) – high resistance (100.000 ohms) high volts.
• Hot engine (130 co hot) – low resistance (70 ohms) volts is low.
• The CTS sensor is also called the fan sensor, meaning that it is the sensor responsible for operating the fans by increasing the speed of the fans or decreasing the speed of the fans.
This is a statement of the speed of the fans that is commensurate with the temperature of the cooling water shown.
Low speed at 93 co (199 FO)
High speed at 97 co (207 FO)
The fans stop running when the engine temperature reaches (90 CO) and
the ECM changes the fan speed between (90 co to 94 co).
The electrical circuit of the sensor: Electrical circuit
– The first party: Ground connected to the ECM unit
– The second party: The source of supplying the sensor signal from the ECM to the sensor and the sensor signal to the ECM.

[ 6 ]
Manifold Air temperature ( MAT ) sensor

• Its location: Location
(in the middle of the air intake (the link between the manifold gate and the air filter). Air Amount
Sensor
MAT
• Its function is: Function
o Measures the temperature of the intake manifold (the sensor is
of an NTC type).
Negative Temperature Cofficient
– The ECM unit sends 5 volts to the MAT sensor through a resistor inside the ECM unit and by changing the temperature of the drawn air the resistance of the sensor changes and therefore the voltage sent to the ECM changes through the resistor.
Cold air, high volts, high resistance,
hot air, low volts, low resistance
• The colder the air, the higher the density of the air and the less the amount of air drawn.
• The hotter the air, the lower the density of the air and the greater the amount of air drawn.
Electrical circuit: Electrical circuit
– the first end is ground (Ground) connected to the ECM unit
– the second party is the source of the sensor signal from the ECM to the sensor, and on the same end the sensor signal is sent to the ECM unit, but Refernce is inside the ECM

[7]
Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor

• Its location: Location
(in the middle of the manifold) MAP
sensor absolute
manifold pressure
• Its function: Function
o The MAP sensor measures pressure changes inside the intake manifold resulting from (the changing loads inside the intake manifold the changing engine speed) and sends these changes in Variable volt image to ECM
– The ECM unit sends 5.0 volts to the MAP sensor and completes its circuit with ground connected to the ECM unit, and the pressure difference inside the intake manifold changes the value of the signal that the MAP sensor sends to the ECM unit
This is an indication of the voltage value that is proportional to the absolute pressure ( Vacuum ):
– Low (1 to 1.5 volt) Closed (gate closed) High Vacuum
– High Vacuum ( 4.0 to 4.8 volt) WOT (gate open condition fully open) Low vacuum
* The ECM unit measures the barometric pressure and the pressure inside the outlet to set the air/fuel ratio, which is 14.7:1 and this is the ideal ratio.
Electrical circuit: Electrical circuit
– the first party is ground connected to the ECM unit
– the second party is the source of the sensor signal from the ECM
– the third party is the sensor signal (Signal) that shows pressure inside the manifold.
• When measuring the sensor signal, the ends of the ovometer are placed between (Ground – Signal)

[8]
Ehaust gases recirculation (EGR) Valve

• Its location: Location
o in each) next to the cylinder (DIS) in the middle of the manhole (the intake manifold)
Configuration: Construction
as shown in the following figure:
EGR system
• Function: Function
1) Allowing the entry of a small percentage of exhaust gases whose temperature is about 600 co To cool the combustion chamber and thus reduce the combustion temperature, whose temperature is about 2200 co.
2) Reducing the percentage of nitrogen oxides (NOX), because this gas increases the percentage of its formation by increasing the combustion temperature.
The proportion of these gases is controlled by (manifold vacuum – back pressure of the gas).
• The ECM unit sends a signal to the EGR soleniod, so a magnetic field is formed in the solenoid coil and thus works to attract the Lever, and the passage opens for the vacuum to flow above the slop until it raises the EGR slug up and then the EGR valve stem up, allowing a percentage of the exhaust gases to pass into the intake manifold.
EGR works at high speeds about (2000 RPM)
• Electrical circuit: Electrical circuit
o The first
terminal is connected to IGN 1 (15) o The second terminal is connected to the ground of the ECM

[9] Knock sensor: 9) Knock sensor

Its place: Location
in the block and it is very close to the cylinders so that he can feel the applause that occurs inside the cylinder during combustion.
Its function: Function
that senses any ignition that occurs inside the cylinder before the time of the fire. When this happens, it generates an alternating current A/C that sends it to the ECM unit in order for the ECM unit to delay the timing of the spark to reduce the clap, and this delay occurs up to 12 O – degrees of the crankshaft, meaning that Ignition occurs before the piston reaches TDC by about 12O. Then, if a clap occurs, the ECM registers (DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DTC).
• Meaning that the ECM adjusts the ignition timilg time based on this signal.

[10] Variable
geometry induction system (VGIS)

Its location: Location
This system is available in A/TM/T)) only.
Its function: Function
This system is used in cars with vertical camshafts DOHC.
Double overhead cam shaft
system (VGIS) is used to increase the proportion of air entering the engine during the acceleration process, and this is done by the ECM unit, which sends a volt valued (5 volt) to the VGIS Solenoid. Stored at the top of the control valve, the valve pulls the valve up and then the valve stem, which opens the sencondary throttle plates, which are located on an arm located inside the manifold. During opening, the amount of air entering the engine increases, which leads to an increase speed too.
• This means an increase in speed with an increase in torque and an increase in engine intake.
• Electrical circuit:
o The first terminal is connected to IGN 1 (15)
o The second terminal is connected to the ground of the ECM

[ 11 ] Air condition pressure ( ACP ) sensor pressure transducer switch

Location: Location is
placed sensitive ACP on captive high pressure liquid air conditioning (Freon), which on the right side and located behind or in front of Billsh right assistant in cars
function: Function
The measurement of fluid conditioning pressure (Freon) within the high – pressure pipe High pressure shows pressure situations (if It was low pressure – high pressure).
Operating conditions:
1) If the pressure is low
, the ACP sensor sends a signal to the ECM unit, which shows that the Freon pressure is
low. Based on this signal, the ECM unit sends a start signal to the compressor, and it works on the Freon pressure. Run the fans at a low speed.
2) If the pressure is high
, the ACP sensor sends a signal to the ECM unit that shows that the pressure is high
The ECM drives the fans at a high speed. And separate the work of the compressor for a moment until the pressure drops.
How the sensor works:
The ECM unit sends a signal of 5 volts to the ACP sensor and completes its circuit with the ground sensor in the ECM unit, and during this signal passing through the sensor, the ACP sensor generates a signal showing the Freon pressure (sensor output) and sends it to the ECM unit.
Example: If the sensor signal is (3 volt), it means that the Freon pressure is medium, and so on.
• Electrical circuit: Electrical circuit
– First party: Ground connected to the ECM unit
– Second party: Supplying the ECM signal to the sensor
– Third party: The sensor’s signal to the ECM, which shows the Freon pressure.
When measuring the sensor signal, the Avometer is placed between (ground and signal)
The following shows the speed of the fans, which is proportional to the Freon pressure and the temperature of the engine.
• Fan speed and Freon pressure with engine temperature
• High speed at 115 co (882 kpa)
• Low speed at turn A/C
• Return Low speed at 112 co (448 kpa) after running the air conditioner for a certain period

[12] Evaporative Emission control system (EVAP) – (CCP)

• Its location: It
is located in cars (it
is located in (CCP – O2 – EGR – catalyzer
box) controlled canisterpurge The canister canister is
located in the back of the car from below behind the gas tank on the right side (the rear wheel is right).
Solenoid Canister is placed in LANOS next to the refinery tube, in NUBRIA – LEGANZA behind the manifold from the bottom, and in MATIZ at the top of the manifold.
• Configuration: Construction,
as shown in the figure: The
canister box (condensation box) consists of granules of active carbon that works to absorb fuel vapor (HC) in the fuel tank.
• At the outset, I would like to point out that gasoline vapor (HC) does not form except at high temperatures, whether by heating gasoline or by operating the car at high temperatures.
• CONTROL METHOD method of controlling fumes emission (EVAP) – CCP
The EVAP system transfers fuel vapors from the fuel tank, which is produced as a result of the high temperature of gasoline, to the canister box that contains activated carbon granules, so these granules absorb harmful vapors and remain pure gasoline Store in the box.
The carbon granules absorb while the car is standing still – and when the car is running, the fuel vapor is discharged from the canister to the manifold.
This is done due to the manifold being shaken directly exposed to the Solenoied canister of the canister. Thus, a magnetic field is formed in the solenoid, which opens the way for the fuel vapor to enter the intake manifold to enter with the new charge and burn.
– The solenoide of the canister works by means of the ECM unit, in case the engine has been running for a period of time.
The pulse of the ECM unit changes continuously to suit the different engine operating conditions, and the pulse time is determined based on:
1) Mass air flow
2) Fuel trim
3) Intake air temperature
• Note: The canister can change every two years.
Electrical circuit: Electrical circuit
o The first terminal is connected to the ratio (16 N1)
o The second terminal is connected to the ground of the ECM

[13] Carbon Monoxide potentiometer (CO)

Its location: Location* It is located in the front, north, behind the headrest of the front assistant, north.
* In Leganza Model 1999 – 2000 and there is the bottom Almanefold hand back
CO potentiometer
function: Function
First: The variable resistance that it contains (CO potentiometer adjust) manually so that the ratio of emissions of the first gas is controlled by carbon dioxide (CO) , and that for cars It uses leaded fuel treated using tetraethyl lead (CO Potentiometer), which takes the place of the O2 sensor in the job, meaning that through the voltage it sends to the ECM unit, it controls the pulse width sent to the gasoline injectors.
• The ECM unit supplies the CO Potentiometer with a value of 5 volts.
• When the technician adjusts it manually by rotating the screw located above, the voltage returned to the ECM is adjusted, and thus the ECM unit adjusts the pulse width (pulse width) sent to the gasoline
injectors , thus reducing the degree of CO gas emissions CO Potentiometer terminds
• Electrical circuit: Electrical circuit
1) The first party is a SUPPLY voltage source from ECM to the CO Potentiometer
2) The second party is Ground (Ground) Potentiometer connected to the ECM unit
3) The third party is the signal that the Potentiometer sends to the ECM unit (Feed back)

[14]
Vehicle speed sensor (VSS)

Its location:
• In cars with manual transmission (M/T)
(above the shaft from above) and automatic (A/T) at the end of the shaft from the rear (back of the shaft).
Function:
First: Manual transmission VSS
Kilometer Sensor o The ECM applies 12 volts to the Signal line between the VSS sensor and ECM and the Signal line is connected to the VSS Sensor and produces pulses on the signal line when the wheel is spinning ) and the time of formation of these pulses (2289 times/km). • The ECM unit calculates the vehicle speed based on the pulse time, and this is also displayed and known by the Speed ​​meter on the Cluster. Second: Automatic transmission: Kilometer sensor VSS






* The VSS sensor sends the kilometer signal to the TCM unit and from there to the ECM unit.
Transaxle control module (TCM)
• The VSS sensor consists of a core wrapped in a magnetic field coil, and when the gear gear that engages with the formed teeth on the rotor is moved or rotated, an alternating magnetic field produces an alternating volt that indicates the vehicle’s speed.
• The AC voltage level increases as the vehicle speed increases, and decreases as the vehicle speed decreases.
• The TCM unit converts this AC voltage into a digital signal.
The TCM unit uses the VSS sensor signal to:
1) Determine the shift timing.
2) Torque Converter Interlock (TCC) Torque converter.
3) In case the torque converter is free Clutch release.
4) Calculating the gear ratio
– The TCM unit sends the digital signal to the ECM unit and at the same time it is sent to the kilometer counter on the Cluster.
TCM
ECM Indication Kilometer Speedometer

Very Important : • Very Important:
1) The only sensor that receives and does not send is the IAC Valve
Idler air control (IAC) valve
2) The sensors have two parties (transmitting and receiving) on ​​one line.
1) Manifold air temperature (MAT) Sensor.
2) Coolant temperature sensor (CTS).
2) The sensors have three terminals (transmitting and receiving)
1) Throttle position sensor (TPS).
2) Manifold absolute pressure ( MAP ) sensor .
3) Air condition pressure ( ACP ) sensor .
4) Sensors that transmit and do not receive
1) Knock sensor
2) Vehicle speed sensor (VSS)
3) Crank position sensor (CPS)
4) Oxygen sensor (O2)
LANOS two equipped with one of these equipments.
(O2 + Ktaiser box + tray Canstr + EGR)
[CO (without tray Ktaliz + without Canstr tray) and without EGR
system to control fuel injection
CONTROL SYSTEM OF FUEL INJECTION
Calibration function system (Metering) fuel is injected the correct amount of fuel to the engine in the compound Withdrawal
Important note: (Important)

o The most important sensors that control Fule delivery:

1) Manifold a bsolute pressure (MAP) sensor .
2) Oxygen (O2) sensor.
(1) Starting Mode
• When the contact switch is opened, the ECM unit operates the gasoline pump for two seconds, and then the gasoline pump works to build gasoline pressure inside the gasoline pipes. The ECM unit receives signals from the following sensors that show the condition of the engine.
o CTS sensor:
which shows if the engine is cold based on it, the ECM unit sends a larger Pulse Time pulse period to the IAC valve in order to enter more air to speed up the engine heating. At the same time, the ECM unit increases the injection time of the sprayers.
• TPS sensor signal
(air to fuel ratio)
o to determine the good A/F ratio while the engine is running.
o This ratio is between:
A/F Ratio 1.5 to 1 at -36 co
14.7 to 1 at 94 co
– When the engine is started and its speed is higher than 400 rpm, the ECM unit reads the signal of the sensor (O2). The ECM accordingly adjusts the air-to-fuel ratio.
The air-fuel ratio is calculated based on the inputs of the CTS and MAP sensors.
Closed Loop
• The ECM unit calculates the air/fuel ratio by calculating the opening time of the gasoline injector, which depends on the oxygen sensor signal (O2) and this allows to obtain a ratio of 14.7 to 1 is the ideal mixture ratio.
A Acceleration mode
• The ECM unit
1) increases the engine speed by changing the opening angle of the throttle valve
2) determines the amount of air drawn into the manifold.
3) Determine the amount of fuel injection to
slow down the speed
• The ECM selects Throttle mode, selects Air flow and reduces the amount of fuel during rapid idle.
• The unit ECM cut gasoline for a short time and this happens during down hell only
system correction Volt Battery
Battery Voltage Correction Mode

* When the battery voltage is low, the ECM unit compensates for the weak spark sent to the spark plugs using the Ignition Module using the following methods:
1)
Increasing the fuel injector pulse width
2)
Increasing the idle speed rpm
3) Increasing the ignition rest angle
Increasing the ignition dwell time.