Engine parts in detail and how they work

Engine parts

The motor contains the following main components:

First: Fixed engine parts :
each engine fixed three main parts whichas follows:
1.cylinder block ( Cylinder Block )
2- Headcylinder / u cylinder ( Cylinder Head , )
3- pot oil / Alkurtir ( OIL , Pan ).

1- Cylinder block :

The cylinder block is the main part of the engine . It is made of cast iron (diesel engine) or aluminum. It contains the cylinder in which the piston moves reciprocatingly, the cooling water shirt to keep the cylinder temperature at an acceptable level, as well as the crankshaft case and the crankshaft mounted directly below it.

roller function?

The function of the cylinder is to guide the reciprocating motion of the piston, contain the force and the high temperature of combustion, and cool the cylinder appropriately as well as support the crankshaft.
For strength purposes, the cylinder block in diesel engines is generally made of cast iron, which has a high resistance to wear and corrosion in addition to its ability to withstand the high amounts of torque arising.
Recently, aluminum alloys have been widely used for gasoline engines. Aluminum is lighter in weight and easier to transfer heat than steel, so it is the ideal material for gasoline engines. To increase the block strength, a cylinder block skeleton is used.

Engine serial number:-

The engine identification number is stamped on the right side of the rear plate at the edge of the cylinder block.

Cylinder liner: –

The cylinder wall (also referred to as the cylinder liner) is directly attached to the reciprocating piston. Therefore, it is lubricated with engine oil.

water shirt:_

A path of cooling water forms around the cylinder liner, referred to as a water shirt. It is necessary to keep the engine temperature at a specified value by absorbing the heat energy generated by the remaining combustion energy.

2. Head of cylinder / u cylinder ( Cylinder Head , )

The cylinder head is mounted on top of the cylinder block where it forms the upper part of the combustion chamber. Single-cylinder in-line engines have only one cylinder head for all cylinders. As for engines with cylinders in the shape of the letter (V) or horizontal opposite, they have a separate cylinder head for each row of cylinders.
The cylinder head contains most parts of the combustion chamber such as valves, spark plugs or injectors (sprayers). From the inside, the cylinder head contains the intake and exhaust manifold openings for the transfer of the fuel/air mixture from the intake manifold to the intake valves and exhaust gases from the exhaust valves to the exhaust manifold, valve guides, and inlets for the passage of coolant to cool the head and engine.

And placed between the cylinder head (u cylinder) and cylinder body (cylinder block) Flexible Joan ( Gasket ) to prevent leakage of gases, water, oil and manufacturing aspects of asbestos or asbestos, steel and copper.

2- Oil pan :

The oil pan (carrier) is installed at the bottom of the engine. by a set of screws. It is a tank or container for storing oil, and a collector for the return oil from the engine lubrication system. The sump can be designed in the form of a thin pressurized metal plate, and can also be shaped to ensure that the oil returns to its deepest part.

Second: moving parts of the engine:-

These parts can be divided into three groups as follows:
1- The elbow group and it consists of:-

1- Crank Shaft                
2-                           Connecting Rod
3- Benz                          Piston Pin            
4-                                             Piston  
5-    Piston Rings              
6-                                  Flywheel 

– Crankshaft:-

The pistons move reciprocatingly between the lower dead point (BDC) and the upper dead point (TDC). Each piston is connected to the crankshaft through a piston-benzene and connecting rod. Therefore, the connecting rods move in a longitudinal and circular manner. Then the circular motion of the crankshaft is transmitted to the auxiliary tools such as flywheel, oil pump, water pump, etc. Additionally, stabilizer shafts can be installed to reduce or prevent engine vibrations.
The design of the crankshaft is based on:

•  number of cylinders
•  Arrangement of cylinders (in a straight line, V-shaped or opposite)
•  Ignition timing
•  Number of crankshaft chairs
•  combustion power.

Piston and connecting rod:

The piston performs the following functions:-

• The combustion pressure is transmitted to the crankshaft through the piston pin and connecting rod.
• Prevent leakage from the combustion chamber to the crankcase.
• Transfer of heat to the cylinder wall.

The piston stem performs the following functions:-

•  Piston routing.
•  lateral force transmission.
•  Distribute the oil film on the cylinder wall.
•  Heat dissipation on the cylinder wall and engine oil.

The compressor must meet the following requirements:-

•  Lightweight, to reduce the inertia force of the reciprocating piston.
•  The ability to resist pressures and high temperatures resulting from combustion.

Benz piston:-

• It is the connection between the piston and the connecting rod, which is a hollow steel cylindrical rod. It has suitable strength and hardness, as it is light in weight and has anti-corrosion properties.

Piston rings

A piston ring is an open-ended ring that is screwed into a bore on the outside of the piston.

The three main functions of piston rings:-

• Prevent leakage from the combustion chamber.
• Help transfer heat from the piston to the cylinder wall.
• Regulating engine oil consumption.

Most automobile pistons have three rings: two to prevent compression seals (compression rings); And one to prevent oil leakage (oil ring).

Connecting arm:-

The connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft by means of a piston benz. The connecting rod consists of the small end that connects to the piston by a piston Benz and the connecting rod cut in the form of the letter I (the crank) and the larger end that connects to the crankshaft (the crank). The bushing is made of phosphorous bronze, and its great end is lined with an alloy of white metal. This end consists of two parts connected by two nails. In the lining of the large end, there are ducts that allow the presence of oil around the cranked Benz, and the smaller end has a hole that allows the lubrication of the piston Benz.

2- Valve operating group:-

The main components of the valve drive assembly are:

1. camshaft / camshaft (Cam Shaft)
2. swing armRocker arm)
3. valves. (Valves)

4 – valve springs. ( Valve Spring )
5- The lock. ( Valve Locks )

Camshaft:-

The camshaft drives the engine valves by means of cams that open and close by means of springs. Camshafts in automobile engines are made as one part with the camshaft. The camshaft takes its movement from the crankshaft through a set of gears or cassettes, and it rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft. Each cam controls a specific valve device, either intake or exhaust, and is placed in a specific order and gives it a specific shape according to the order of the fire according to the engine design.

– intake valves and exhaust:

Four-stroke gasoline and diesel engines use valves, which are located in the cylinder head. The intake valves ( Intake Valves ) to pass only air or air-fuel mixture and therefore operate at temperatures much lower than the exhaust valves ( Exhaust Valves). They are usually larger than exhaust valves because the pressure used to push the charge air or air-fuel mixture into the cylinder is much less than the pressure used to push the exhaust gases out of the cylinder. There are many engines that use different valve combinations. Having more than one intake valve provides better venting. The additional intake valve allows for larger intake passages and more free flow into the cylinder, so the engine receives a better charge. Likewise, the presence of two exhaust valves means that the cylinder can be designed with larger exhaust ports, providing a free flow of exhaust gases out of the cylinder. The valves experience significant stresses even under normal conditions. Therefore, various surface treatments are used to help the valve resist burning and corrosion.

Swinging arms (Take)

It works to transfer the movement from the thrust or cam arm to the valve. The swing arms are made of steel and their contact surfaces with the valve are hardened. The adjusting screw with the spherical end fixed to the other end of the swing arms is tightened against rotation using a lock nut.

Timing gear set

In overhead camshaft engines, a timing belt, chain or drive gear is used because the camshaft is farther from the crankshaft. They can also be combined in use, eg timing belt with chain or timing belt with drive gear. A typical chain drive system uses a hydraulic tensioner. The series also uses guides to reduce noise and vibration. Please note that hydraulic tensioners can also be used with the belt drive system. The toothed timing belt is made of fiberglass or wire-reinforced synthetic rubber. Its teeth match those of the crankshaft and camshaft pulleys. Timing belts are quieter than chains, but usually require regular manual tensioning. In addition, its operational life is shorter than that of the chains.