Represent gaskets ( Gasket ) bonded arbitrator between the fixed parts of pressuring through which liquids or gases. Most gaskets are designed for single use only.
They can be made of soft materials such as cork, rubber, nitride, paper, or of refractory materials or graphite; Or it can also be made of alloys and soft metals such as brass, plain copper, aluminum or soft steel sheets. Such substances may be used alone or in some cases as compounds to produce the desired active ingredient. The choice of material and design to be used depends on the material to be sealed, the relevant pressures and temperatures, and the materials and interfaces to be sealed.
The gaskets seal and contain the combustion pressures inside the engine, between the cylinder head and the cylinder block. Modern cylinder head gaskets must be designed to withstand high temperatures and explosions that occur inside the engine. Some modern high-temperature cylinder head gaskets are called ‘isotropic’ in nature. This means that the gasket is designed to conduct heat laterally to transfer heat from the engine to the radiator faster. The gasket is usually made with a steel core, and special surface layers are added on both sides of the gasket core to provide comprehensive sealing under different torque conditions.
The cylinder head gasket also seals the oil passages and controls the flow of coolant between the cylinder head and block and is provided with beads or o-rings to prevent leakage and wear.
There are some materials that are designed to “swell” when in use in order to increase the ability to prevent leakage, for example when the oil inside the valve cover penetrates the edge of the gasket material, it will inflate by approximately 30% according to its design, as this swelling increases the pressure of the seal Between the sealing surfaces of the head and valve cover, plus it helps prevent potential leaks.
Gaskets around rotating parts are subject to rapid wear and leakage. To prevent leakage of these parts, oil seals are required. The most commonly used type is the lip type dynamic oil seal, it has the shape of a dynamic rubber flange that is connected to the shaft to prevent leakage by a circular spring called a collar spring. A similar sealing principle is used to prevent leakage from the valve stem to prevent oil from entering the engine combustion chamber. Leakage from rotating or sliding shafts can also be prevented with “o-rings”, but they are generally not as robust in most applications as flange-type seals.
There are many materials used in modern oil seals, some of which are mixed with special coatings designed specifically to increase the sealing ability of worn shafts. As a rule, the oil seals must be replaced when overhauling any component.
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